Citations on Nutrition Information

1 - Copyright © 2008. For more information about The Healthy Eating Pyramid, please see The Nutrition Source, Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, www.thenutritionsource.org, andandEat, Drink, and Be Healthy, by Walter C. Willett, M.D., and Patrick J. Skerrett (2005), Free Press/Simon & Schuster Inc.”

2 - U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Nutrition Education Resources & Materials. Interactive Nutrition Facts Label - Protein - www.fda.gov/nutritioneducation

3 - The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2016 Jun; 103(6): 1555–1556. Why don't more people eat breakfast? A biological perspective. Samuel L Buckner, Paul D Loprinzi, and Jeremy P Loenneke. 

4 - University of Colorado Boulder, Jane Reagan, registered dietitian at Wardenburg Health Services, Sept 21, 2016. Healthy Buffs: Ask the expert—Eating breakfast to energize your mind.

5 - International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020 Sep; 21(17): 6197. Published online 2020 Aug 27. The Role of Amino Acids in Neurotransmission and Fluorescent Tools for Their Detection. Rochelin Dalangin,1 Anna Kim,1 and Robert E. Campbell. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

6 - Nutrition (Los Angeles, California). 2017 Oct;42:30-36. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.05.005. Epub 2017 May 18. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation and exercise-induced muscle damage in exercise recovery: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Mohammad Hossein Rahimi, Sakineh Shab-Bidar, Mehdi Mollahosseini, Kurosh Djafarian. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health. 

7 - Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism 2017 Jun;42(6):630-636. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0569. Epub 2017 Jan 27.The effects of acute branched-chain amino acid supplementation on recovery from a single bout of hypertrophy exercise in resistance-trained athletes. Mark Waldron, Kieran Whelan, Owen Jeffries, Dean Burt, Louis Howe, Stephen David Patterson. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

8 - International Journal of Sports Physiology Performance 2011 Mar;6(1):38-50. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.6.1.38. Daily L-leucine supplementation in novice trainees during a 12-week weight training program. Theocharis Ispoglou, Roderick F G J King, Remco C J Polman, Cathy Zanker. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

9 - The Journal of Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2010 Feb;29(1):18-23. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.03.009. Epub 2009 May 5. EAA supplementation to increase nitrogen intake improves muscle function during bed rest in the elderly. Arny A Ferrando, Doug Paddon-Jones, Nicholas P Hays, Patrick Kortebein, Ola Ronsen, Rick H Williams, Ashley McComb, T Brock Symons, Robert R Wolfe, William Evans. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

10 - The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2009 May;94(5):1630-7. doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-1564. Epub 2009 Feb 10. Amino acid supplementation increases lean body mass, basal muscle protein synthesis, and insulin-like growth factor-I expression in older women. Edgar L Dillon, Melinda Sheffield-Moore, Douglas Paddon-Jones, Charles Gilkison, Arthur P Sanford, Shanon L Casperson, Jie Jiang, David L Chinkes, Randall J Urban. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

11 - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2008 May;87(5):1558S-1561S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1558S. Protein, weight management, and satiety. Douglas Paddon-Jones, Eric Westman, Richard D Mattes, Robert R Wolfe, Arne Astrup, Margriet Westerterp-Plantenga. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health. 

12 - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014 Sep;68(9):980-6. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.84. Epub 2014 May 7. Comparative effects of whey and casein proteins on satiety in overweight and obese individuals: a randomized controlled trial. S Pal, S Radavelli-Bagatini, M Hagger, V Ellis. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

13 - Physiology & Behavior. 2009 Mar 23;96(4-5):675-82. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.01.004. Dose-dependent satiating effect of whey relative to casein or soy. Margriet A B Veldhorst, Arie G Nieuwenhuizen, Ananda Hochstenbach-Waelen, Anneke J A H van Vught, Klaas R Westerterp, Marielle P K J Engelen, Robert-Jan M Brummer, Nicolaas E P Deutz, Margriet S Westerterp-Plantenga. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

14 - Anticancer Research. Nov-Dec 2000;20(6C):4785-92. Whey protein concentrate (WPC) and glutathione modulation in cancer treatment. G Bounous. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

15 - Nutrition (Los Angeles, California). 2011 Apr;27(4):440-4. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.02.013. Epub 2010 Dec 16. Early enteral nutrition with whey protein or casein in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke: a double-blind randomized trial. José Eduardo de Aguilar-Nascimento, Bruno Regis Prado Silveira, Diana Borges Dock-Nascimento. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

16 - International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2007 Sep;58(6):429-36. doi: 10.1080/09637480701253581. An open-label dose-response study of lymphocyte glutathione levels in healthy men and women receiving pressurized whey protein isolate supplements. Gerald S Zavorsky, Stan Kubow, Vijaylaxmi Grey, Veronique Riverin, Larry C Lands. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

17 - Nutrients. 2015 Feb 9;7(2):1131-43. doi: 10.3390/nu7021131. Effect of whey supplementation on circulating C-reactive protein: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ling-Mei Zhou, Jia-Ying Xu, Chun-Ping Rao, Shufen Han, Zhongxiao Wan, Li-Qiang Qin. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

18 - Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2012 Apr;57(4):1000-12. doi: 10.1007/s10620-011-1947-9. Epub 2011 Oct 26. Glutamine and whey protein improve intestinal permeability and morphology in patients with Crohn's disease: a randomized controlled trial. Jaya Benjamin, Govind Makharia, Vineet Ahuja, K D Anand Rajan, Mani Kalaivani, Siddhartha Datta Gupta, Yogendra Kumar Joshi. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

19 - Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism. Volume 2, Issues 3–4, December 2015, Pages 69-75. Beneficial effects of whey protein preloads on some cardiovascular diseases risk factors of overweight and obese men are stronger than soy protein preloads – A randomized clinical trial. Atefeh Tahavorgar, Mohammadreza Vafa, Farzad Shidfar, Mahmoodreza Gohari, Iraj Heydari. Accessed through ScienceDirect

20 - The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2010 Jan;91(1):98-105. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28125. Epub 2009 Nov 18. The hypoglycemic effect of fat and protein is not attenuated by insulin resistance. Xiaomiao Lan-Pidhainy, Thomas M S Wolever. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

21 - Hypertension. 2008 Apr;51(4):1073-9. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA. 107.107821. Epub 2008 Feb 7. Dietary intake of dairy products, calcium, and vitamin D and the risk of hypertension in middle-aged and older women. Lu Wang, JoAnn E Manson, Julie E Buring, I-Min Lee, Howard D Sesso. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

22 - The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2009 Jun;89(6):1877-83. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27064. Epub 2009 Apr 15. Inverse association between dairy intake and hypertension: the Rotterdam Study. Marielle F Engberink, Marieke A H Hendriksen, Evert G Schouten, Frank J A van Rooij, Albert Hofman, Jacqueline C M Witteman, Johanna M Geleijnse. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

23 - Die Nahrung. 1999 Jun;43(3):165-7. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3803(19990601)43:3<165::AID-FOOD165>3.0.CO;2-2. Lactokinins: whey protein-derived ACE inhibitory peptides. R J FitzGerald, H Meisel

24 - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2012 Jul;66(7):799-805. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.48. Epub 2012 May 16. Effects of different fractions of whey protein on postprandial lipid and hormone responses in type 2 diabetes. L S Mortensen, J Holmer-Jensen, M L Hartvigsen, V K Jensen, A Astrup, M de Vrese, J J Holst, C Thomsen, K Hermansen. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

25 - Obesity (Silver Spring, MD). 2010 Jul;18(7):1354-9. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.397. Epub 2009 Nov 5. The chronic effects of whey proteins on blood pressure, vascular function, and inflammatory markers in overweight individuals. Sebely Pal, Vanessa Ellis. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

26 - The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2005 Jul;82(1):69-75. doi: 10.1093/ajcn.82.1.69. Effect of whey on blood glucose and insulin responses to composite breakfast and lunch meals in type 2 diabetic subjects. Anders H Frid, Mikael Nilsson, Jens Juul Holst, Inger M E Björck. Accessed through US National Library of Medicine - National Institute of Health.

27 - Healthline > Nutrition. Written by Jillian Kubala, MS, RD on June 12, 2018.  Essential Amino Acids: Definition, Benefits and Food Sources. Accessed through www.healthline.com/nutrition/essential-amino-acids

28 - WebMD, Article by Gina Shaw, Medically Reviewed by Brunilda Nazario, MD on December 14, 2016. Vitamins & Supplements > Feature Stories > Do You Need Protein Powders?

29 - Healthline > Nutrition. Written by Atli Arnarson BSc, PhD — Medically reviewed by Grant Tinsley, PhD, Nutrition — Updated on December 10, 2021. 10 Evidence-Based Health Benefits of Whey Protein. Accessed through https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/10-health-benefits-of-whey-protein